Similipal Tiger Reserve is one of India’s most captivating wildlife sanctuaries, located in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. Known for its majestic tigers, rare black tigers, and vast biodiversity, this protected forest is more than just a tourist attraction—it is a natural treasure that plays a crucial role in India’s ecological balance. Recognized as part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves, Similipal offers visitors a mix of adventure, culture, and conservation.
Whether you are a wildlife photographer, a student of ecology, or a traveler seeking an offbeat destination, Similipal Tiger Reserve is a destination that leaves an everlasting impression.
History and Significance of Similipal Tiger Reserve
The history of Similipal dates back centuries, with the forest once serving as a hunting ground for the kings of Mayurbhanj. The name “Similipal” comes from the Simul tree (red silk cotton), which blooms widely across the forest in striking red flowers.
In 1956, Similipal was declared a wildlife sanctuary. Later in 1973, it became part of Project Tiger, India’s pioneering initiative to protect tigers. In 1980, it was officially designated as a Tiger Reserve, and in 1994, it was recognized as a Biosphere Reserve. By 2009, Similipal earned its place in the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves, solidifying its global significance.
This progression highlights how Similipal evolved from being a hunting ground to a globally important site for biodiversity conservation.
Location and Geography
Similipal Tiger Reserve is situated in northern Odisha, covering a vast area of 2,750 square kilometers. Its terrain is diverse, with rolling hills, plateaus, and fertile valleys. The altitude ranges from 300 to 1,168 meters, creating multiple micro-climates that support varied ecosystems.
The forest is nourished by rivers like Budhabalanga, Khairi, and Deo, and dotted with waterfalls such as Barehipani and Joranda, which not only add scenic beauty but also serve as lifelines for wildlife.
Flora of Similipal
Similipal is home to over 1,076 plant species, making it a paradise for botanists and nature lovers. Its vegetation primarily consists of:
- Tropical moist deciduous forests dominated by sal trees.
- Semi-evergreen forests in the valleys and moist regions.
- Dry deciduous forests on higher altitudes.
The forest also houses 94 species of orchids, including several rare and medicinal plants. These plants are crucial for traditional tribal medicine and modern pharmaceutical research.
Fauna of Similipal
The real charm of Similipal Tiger Reserve lies in its wildlife. It is home to an impressive variety of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and birds.
- Big Cats: Similipal shelters the iconic Royal Bengal Tiger, and uniquely, the rare black tigers with pseudo-melanistic coats, seen only in this region.
- Elephants: The forest is a major corridor for Asian elephants.
- Other Mammals: Leopards, gaur (Indian bison), wild boar, sloth bear, giant squirrels, and four-horned antelopes thrive here.
- Birds: With over 361 bird species, Similipal attracts ornithologists from across the world. Key sightings include the crested serpent eagle, Indian hornbill, Malabar pied hornbill, and grey-headed fishing eagle.
- Reptiles: The reserve supports mugger crocodiles, snakes like king cobras, and lizards.
This incredible biodiversity makes Similipal one of India’s richest wildlife destinations.
Key Attractions Inside Similipal Tiger Reserve
Visiting Similipal is not just about spotting tigers; it’s about experiencing the wild in its raw form. Some must-visit spots inside the reserve are:
- Barehipani Waterfall: At 400 meters, it is the second-highest waterfall in India. It cascades in two tiers, creating breathtaking views.
- Joranda Waterfall: A single-drop waterfall surrounded by dense greenery, ideal for nature lovers.
- Chahala: A popular safari point where deer, elephants, and peacocks are commonly seen.
- Tribal Hamlets: Around the reserve, indigenous tribes like the Santhals, Kolhas, and Bhumij live in harmony with nature. Their culture and traditional knowledge add depth to the Similipal experience.
Safari and Eco-Tourism in Similipal Tiger Reserve
Exploring Similipal is best done through a jeep safari, organized by the forest department. Safaris offer a chance to enter deep into the forest while maintaining safety and ecological balance.
Safari Entry Gates:
- Jashipur Gate – Ideal for those coming from Baripada.
- Pithabata Gate – Convenient for visitors from Balasore or Kolkata.
Accommodation Options:
- Forest Rest Houses: Basic but scenic stays inside the reserve.
- Eco Cottages: Managed by local communities, offering comfortable facilities and cultural experiences.
- Nearby Town Hotels: Baripada and Balasore have modern accommodation for travelers preferring city stays.
Booking for safaris and stays can be done online through the Odisha Forest Department’s official portal.
Best Time to Visit Similipal Tiger Reserve
The reserve remains open to tourists from November to June.
- Winter (Nov–Feb): Pleasant weather, best for wildlife spotting.
- Spring/Summer (Mar–May): Ideal for birdwatching and photography.
- Monsoon (Jun–Oct): The park remains closed due to heavy rains, making roads inaccessible.
Travelers are advised to plan visits in winter or early summer for the best experience.
Conservation Efforts at Similipal
Similipal plays a critical role in India’s Project Tiger, aimed at increasing tiger populations across the country. Conservation here goes beyond protecting big cats—it includes safeguarding elephants, medicinal plants, and indigenous knowledge.
Key conservation highlights include:
- Community Participation: Local tribes are actively involved in eco-tourism, ensuring economic benefits for them while reducing dependence on forest resources.
- Anti-Poaching Measures: Strict patrolling and monitoring using technology like camera traps.
- Research Programs: Studies on orchids, reptiles, and birds contribute to ecological understanding.
Similipal’s success story lies in balancing conservation with community development.
Also read: Manas National Park: A UNESCO World Heritage Wildlife Paradise in Assam
Key Facts About Similipal Tiger Reserve
| Key Detail | Information |
|---|---|
| Location | Mayurbhanj District, Odisha |
| Total Area | 2,750 sq km |
| Established As Tiger Reserve | 1973 (under Project Tiger) |
| Biosphere Reserve Status | UNESCO World Network, 2009 |
| Major Wildlife | Tigers, Elephants, Leopards, Gaur, Wild Dogs |
| Bird Species | 361+ |
| Plant Species | 1,076+ (94 orchids) |
| Best Visiting Months | November to June |
| Nearest Town | Baripada (22 km) |
| Famous Attractions | Barehipani & Joranda Waterfalls, Chahala |
Tips for Travelers
- Book in Advance: Safaris and eco-cottages fill up quickly, especially in winter.
- Carry Essentials: Binoculars, cameras, insect repellent, and water bottles are must-haves.
- Respect Tribal Culture: If visiting villages, seek permission before photography and respect local traditions.
- Follow Eco-Friendly Practices: Do not litter, play loud music, or disturb animals.
- Hire Guides: Local guides enrich the experience with stories and knowledge.
Also read: Kaziranga National Park: A World Heritage Wonder of Assam
Why Similipal Stands Out
India has many tiger reserves, but Similipal is unique for several reasons:
- It is one of the few places on Earth where black tigers are found.
- Its waterfalls and rivers make it as scenic as it is wild.
- The deep connection between tribal communities and forests offers a cultural dimension absent in many other reserves.
For travelers, Similipal is not just a destination but a journey into the heart of nature and tradition.
Also read: Satkosia Tiger Reserve: A Hidden Gem of Biodiversity in Odisha
Conclusion
Similipal Tiger Reserve is a living example of India’s natural wealth and cultural diversity. From the thunderous Barehipani Waterfall to the elusive black tiger, every aspect of Similipal tells a story of survival, harmony, and beauty. It is a place where forests breathe, rivers sing, and wildlife thrives under careful protection.
For eco-travelers, photographers, and wildlife enthusiasts, Similipal is not just worth visiting—it’s worth experiencing deeply. If you are planning your next adventure into the wild, make sure Similipal Tiger Reserve finds a place at the top of your list.
